What is the treatment protocol for a tension pneumothorax?

The treatment protocol for a tension pneumothorax is primarily focused on rapid intervention to relieve the increased pressure in the pleural space. The correct answer emphasizes the critical steps necessary to address this life-threatening condition.

Immediate needle decompression is the first line of treatment, as it allows for the rapid release of air trapped in the pleural space, which can cause severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular compromise. This procedure typically involves inserting a large bore needle, often in the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line, which creates an opening for the trapped air to escape. Following the needle decompression, the insertion of a chest tube (thoracostomy) is also essential to provide continuous drainage of air or fluid and to help reestablish normal pleural pressure dynamics.

This protocol addresses the acute complications associated with tension pneumothorax. Immediate and decisive action is paramount in helping the patient recover and preventing further deterioration. Other options do not provide the urgent intervention needed for such a critical condition. For instance, administering high-flow oxygen does not address the underlying problem of pressure in the chest, and encouraging deep breaths can be counterproductive if the patient's ability to breathe is compromised. Similarly, merely monitoring vital signs and administering IV fluids