What is the recommended flow rate for low-flow nasal cannula in a COPD patient with a baseline SpO₂ of 89%?

The recommended flow rate for a low-flow nasal cannula in a COPD patient with a baseline SpO₂ of 89% is 1-2 liters per minute. This flow rate is particularly important for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because they are at risk for carbon dioxide retention (hypercapnia).

Administering oxygen at lower flow rates (1-2 L/min) helps to increase oxygen saturation without significantly altering the patient’s drive to breathe, which is primarily driven by low oxygen levels rather than elevated CO2 levels in these patients. The goal is to achieve a target SpO₂ range, typically between 88% and 92%, while minimizing any adverse effects.

Using higher flow rates can lead to the risk of worsening hypercapnia because they may suppress the patient's natural respiratory drive, which is especially crucial for managing COPD effectively. By utilizing a lower flow rate of oxygen, clinicians can provide adequate support while keeping in mind the complex physiology associated with COPD.