What does 'Cushing's triad' indicate?

Cushing's triad is a clinical manifestation that indicates increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and consists of three classic signs: hypertension (high blood pressure), bradycardia (slowed heart rate), and irregular respirations. This triad is a critical indicator in patients with head trauma, brain tumors, or other conditions that may lead to elevated ICP, such as cerebral hemorrhage.

The presence of hypertension in this triad occurs as the body tries to maintain cerebral perfusion in the presence of increased pressure. Bradycardia is often a reflex response to the elevated blood pressure, and irregular respirations can result from brainstem involvement or pressure on the brain structures that regulate breathing.

Recognizing Cushing's triad is essential for first responders and medical professionals, as it signals a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate intervention. It aids in the early identification of patients who may need urgent neurosurgical evaluation or other critical care measures.