What are the potential complications of using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation?

Using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation can indeed lead to complications, and one of the most significant issues is the potential for an inadequate seal that results in air leaks. This air leak can cause ineffective ventilation, meaning that the delivered oxygen may not reach the patient's lungs as intended, compromising their oxygenation. Achieving a proper seal is essential to ensure that the positive pressure delivered by the BVM effectively inflates the lungs, thereby ensuring adequate ventilation.

Other complications associated with BVM ventilation might include esophageal intubation or barotrauma if too much pressure is used, but the aspect of an inadequate seal is fundamental and often encountered in practice. While the risks can be minimized with proper technique and training, it is a critical factor to be aware of when utilizing this lifesaving device.

The other options do not accurately reflect the range of complications associated with BVM use, as complications extend beyond just a minimal risk or cardiac issues alone. Bowel obstruction is also not a typical complication related to BVM ventilation, further emphasizing the importance of understanding the specific complications that may arise in clinical settings.